Gunung Bromo ( Bromo Mountain)

Mount Bromo (from Sanskrit / Old Javanese: Brahma, one of the main Hindu Gods), is a volcano is still active and most famous as a tourist attraction in East Java. As a tourist attraction, Mount Bromo become attractive because of its status as the volcano is still active.

Bromo has a height of 2392 meters above sea level is located in four regions, namely Probolinggo, Pasuruan, Lumajang, and Malang Regency. Mount Bromo mesh body shape between valleys and canyons with a caldera or a sea of ​​sand covering approximately 10 square kilometers.


Mount Bromo has a crater with a diameter of ± 800 meters (north-south) and ± 600 meters (east-west). While the danger area of a circle with a radius of 4 km from the central crater of Bromo.

For residents of Bromo, Tengger tribe, Mount Brahma (Bromo) believed to be a sacred mountain. Once a year the community held a ceremony Yadnya Tengger Kasada or Kasodo. This ceremony is held at a temple located at the foot of Mount Bromo and proceed north to the top of Mount Bromo. The ceremony was held at midnight to early morning every full moon around 14 or 15 in Kasodo (tenth) according to the Javanese calendar.

Kecak

Kecak (pronunciation: / 'ke.tʃak /, roughly "KEH-chahk", alternate spelling: Ketjak, Ketjack, and armpits), is typical of Balinese performing arts that was created in the 1930s and played mainly by men. This dance is performed by many (tens or more) male dancers who sit in rows in a circle and with a certain rhythm called "cak" and raised both arms, depicting the Ramayana as line of apes help fight Ravana. However, Kecak from sanghyang ritual, the dancers dance traditions will be in an unconscious condition [1], to communicate with God or the spirits of the ancestors and then convey their expectations to the community.

The dancers who sat in a circle is wearing a plaid fabric like a chessboard their waist. Besides the dancers, there were other dancers who portray the characters of Ramayana as Rama, Shinta, Ravana, Hanuman, and Sugriva.

Kecak dance songs taken from the ritual dances sanghyang. Also, do not use musical instruments. Only used kincringan worn on the feet of dancers who portray the characters of Ramayana.

Around the 1930s, Wayan Limbak worked with German painter Walter Spies to create a dance based on traditional Kecak Trance and parts of the story of Ramayana. Wayan Limbak popularized the dance this time around the world with his troupe of Balinese dancers.

Wayang Kulit

Wayang kulit is the traditional art of Indonesia which is mainly developed in Java. Puppet comes from the word Ma Hyang means toward the almighty one,. Shadow puppets played by a puppeteer who is also the narrator's dialogue puppet characters, accompanied by gamelan music played by a group of nayaga and song sung by the singer. Puppeteer behind the puppet play screen, the screen is made ​​of white cloth, while the electric lights flashed behind him or lamp oil (blencong), so that the spectators who were on the other side of the screen can see the shadow puppet that falls into the screen. To be able to understand the story of wayang (the play), the audience must have knowledge of puppet characters whose image appears on the screen.

In general, the puppet took the story from the Mahabharata and Ramayana manuscript, but not be limited only by the grip (standard), the ki can also play the play puppeteer carangan (composition). Some of the stories taken from the Panji stories.

Puppet show has been recognized by UNESCO on November 7, 2003, as a work of astonishing cultural narratives and stories in a beautiful and valuable heritage (Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity). Shadow puppets are more popular in central and eastern Java, while the puppet show is more often played in West Java.

Shadow puppets made ​​of buffalo leather that is processed into sheets of skin, puppet apiece need about size 50 x 30 cm sheet of skin which is then carved with the equipment used is made ​​of an iron-pointed steel of good quality. Steel is made ​​in advance in various shapes and sizes, there is a sharp, flat, small, large and other forms each have different functions. But basically, to set or create different shapes carved holes are purposely made ​​to decay. Then performed the installation of body parts like hands, there are two connections on the hands, upper arms and elbows, how to connect it with a small screw made ​​of buffalo or cow horn. Handle which functions to move the arm is colored black is also made from buffalo horn material and generally golden color with gold leaf paper that is taped or it could be with dibron, painted with a powder that is melted. Puppet using prada, the result is much better, the color can last longer than a bront.

 

Keris

Dagger is a dagger stabbing weapon class (pointy and sharp on both sides) with many cultural functions are known in the western and central archipelago. The shape is distinctive and easily distinguished from other sharp weapons because it is not symmetrical at the base of the dilated, often tortuous blade, and many of them have the prestige (Damascene), ie strokes on a piece of bright metal blade. Stabbing weapon types that have similarities with the dagger dagger. Another stabbing weapon is kerambit native archipelago.

In the past kris serves as a weapon in a duel / war, as well as object complement offerings. In contemporary usage, a dagger is more of a body accessory (ageman) in dress, has a number of cultural symbols, or becoming a valued collection of objects in terms of aesthetics.

The use of the keris is spread on the territory once the community residents affected by the Majapahit, such as Java, Madura, Nusa Tenggara, Sumatra, Kalimantan coast, most of Sulawesi, the Malay Peninsula, southern Thailand and southern Philippines (Mindanao). Keris Mindanao known as dull. Keris in each region has its own peculiarities in appearance, function, technique filmed, and terminology.

Base metal used in making kris there are two kinds of metals are metals iron and steel metal fame. To make light of the professor always combine these ingredients with other metals. Keris today (nem-Neman, made since the 20th century) often take the prestige of nickel metal. Past Keris (dagger kuna), which both have a metal prestige of stone meteorites that are known to have a high titanium content, in addition to nickel, cobalt, silver, tin, chromium, antimony, and copper. Stone meteorites is the famous Prambanan meteorite, which had fallen in the 19th century Prambanan complex in enshrinement.
Kris-making varies from one master to another master, but there are procedures that are usually alike. Here is a brief process according to one of literature [15]. Blade of iron as base material diwasuh or heated to incandescence and then forged again and again to dispose of impurities (eg carbon and various oxides). Once clean, the bar is folded like the letter U for the prestige of the material plate inserted in it. These folds subsequently re-heated and forged. Once attached and elongated, this mixture of folded and forged back repeatedly. Way, power, and position of forging, as well as the many folds will affect the prestige that comes later. This process is called saton. Final form is elongated slab. Slab is then cut into two parts, called kodhokan. A steel plate and then placed between the two kodhokan like sandwich bread, then tied dipijarkan and forged to unify. Kodhokan end then made slightly elongated to be cut and used marijuana. The next stage is to form a pessimistic, bengkek (gandhik candidate), and finally establish whether berluk or straight blades. Luk-making is done by heating.
The next stage is the manufacture of ornaments (Ricikan) by working on certain parts using a miser, grinders, and drill, in accordance with dhapur kris will be made. Silak waja done by filing the bar to see the prestige of being formed. Cannabis was made to follow the bottom bar. Adapted to the diameter of the hole size pessimistic.
The last stage, ie plating, is done so that the metal into iron metal steel dagger. In the Philippines kris not done this process. Gilding ("consider smb. Head metal") is done by inserting the blade into the mixture of sulfur, salt, and lime juice (called kamalan). Plating can also be done with kris anneal and then dipped into the liquid (water, salt water, or coconut oil, depending on experience that makes the professor). Plating action must be done carefully because if one can make a kris blade cracked.
In addition to the usual way as above plating in the plating Kris is also known as lick Sepuh Kris smoldering metal collected and licked with the tongue, Sepuh Akep namely when Kris smoldering metal and dikulum taken with the lips several times and Sepuh Saru, namely when the burning metal Keris taken and stapled to the female genitals (vagina) Sepuh This is the famous Saru Sombro Nyi, a keris is not great but adjusted.
Provision of arsenic and fragrance oils do care as a dagger in general. Kris care in Javanese tradition done every year, usually in the month of Muharram / Sura, although this is not a requirement. Kris term care is a "bath" kris, although it is actually done is to remove the old fragrance oil and rust on the blade dagger, usually with a liquid acid (traditionally using a coconut water, crushed noni fruit, or lime juice). Blades that have been cleaned and then given warangan when necessary to reinforce the prestige, cleaned again, and then given a fragrance oil to protect from rust new keris. This fragrance oil is traditionally used oil jasmine or sandalwood oils are diluted in coconut oil.

 

Sasando

Sasando is a stringed musical instrument. This music instrument originated from the island of Rote, East Nusa Tenggara. Literally Sasando according to the origin of the name he said in Rote, sasandu, which means a tool that vibrates or rings. It is said sasando use among community Rote since the 7th century. There is similarity with the shape sasando other stringed instruments like guitar, violin and harp.

The main part of long tubular sasando commonly made ​​from bamboo. Then in the middle, a circular from top to bottom are wedge-wedge in which the strings (strings) stretched in the tube, from top to bottom rests. Wedge-wedge gives a different tone to each chord passages. Then the tube was placed sasando in a container made ​​from a kind of woven palm leaves made ​​out like a fan. The scaffold is a place of resonance sasando.

Tari Remo (Remo Dance)

Tari Remo is one of the great dance for welcoming guests, are displayed either by one or many dancers. This dance originated from East Java Province. Remo Dance comes from Jombang, East Java. This dance is a dance that was originally used as an introduction to the show ludruk. However, the development of this dance is often danced separately as a speech on state guests, danced in ceremonies of state, as well as in local arts festival. This dance is actually a prince tells of the struggle in the battlefield. But in its development is becoming more frequent dance danced by women, giving rise to other dance styles: Dance Remo Remo daughter or female styles.
Karakteristika the most major of  Dance Remo is a lively footwork and dynamic. This movement is supported by the bells are mounted on the ankle. This bell sound when the dancer stepping or stomping on the stage. In addition, the movement karakteristika another scarf or sampur, nod and shake of the head movements, facial expressions, and the horses dance dancers make this more attractive.
Remo Dance music that accompanies this is a gamelan, which usually consists of bonang barung / babok, bonang successor, saron, xylophone, gender, slentem zither, flute, kethuk, kenong, kempul, and gongs. The type of rhythm that is often sung to accompany the Dance Remo is Jula-July and Tropongan, but can also be gising Walangkekek, Gedok lively, gising-gising Krucilan or new creations. In ludruk performances, dancers usually insert a song in the middle of the dance. 

 

Pendet

Pendet was originally a dance of worship which was exhibited at many temples, places of worship of Hindus in Bali, Indonesia. This dance symbolizes the welcoming of the gods fall into the natural world. Gradually, over the times, the artists transform Pendet to "welcome", but still contains elements of the sacred-religious. Creator / choreographer of modern dance form is I Wayan Rindi (? - 1967).

Pendet a statement of the offerings in the form of a ceremonial dance. Unlike dances performances that require intensive training, Pendet be danced by everyone, pemangkus men and women, adults and girls.

This dance is taught simply by following the movement and rarely done in the hamlets. The young girls follow the movements of the more senior women who understand their responsibility in providing a good example.

Daughter dance has a pattern of motion is more dynamic than the Rejang Dance that was delivered in groups or pairs. Usually displayed after the Rejang Dance at temples page and usually facing toward the sacred (pelinggih) by wearing ceremonial dress and each dancer brings sangku, jugs, bowls, and other equipment offerings.

Kerapan Sapi (Kerapan Cow)

Karapan cow is a term given to the race race cattle originating from the island of Madura, East Java. In this race, sort of an interesting pair of ox cart of wood (where the jockey standing and controlling the cow pair) driven in a race racing against other couples cow. The track races are typically about 100 meters and races can last about ten seconds to one minute. Some cities in Madura cattle karapan held in August and September each year, with the final in late September or October in the city competing for the trophy Pamekasan President.

Kerapan cow preceded by pairs of cows paraded around the racetrack to the accompaniment of gamelan called saronen Madura. The first round is the determination of the winning and losing groups. The second half is the determination of the defeated champion, was third round is to determine the champion to win the group. President of the only trophy awarded to the champion winning group

raja ampat papua picture

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hanacarakah (Javanese letters)

Hanacaraka or known by the name Carakan or cacarakan (Sundanese) is a derivative script Brahmi script used or have been used for writing texts in Javanese, the language Makasar, Madurese language, Malay (Market), Sundanese, Balinese language, and language Sasak.

Hanacaraka form now used (modern) has been fixed since the time of the Mataram Sultanate (17th century) but a new printing form appears in the 19th century. This script is a modification of the script and is a abugida Kawi. This can be seen with the structure of each letter represents the least two letters (characters) in Latin letters. For example, Ha characters representing the two letters H and A, and is one syllable intact when compared with the word "day". Na characters representing the two letters, namely N and A, and is one syllable intact when compared with the word "prophet". Thus, there is condensation in the writing of letters mince words when compared with Latin script writing.


Classification
Java script Hanacaraka belong to a group derived Brahmi script, like all the other characters archipelago. This script has a closeness with Balinese script. Brahmi script itself is a derivative of the Assyrian alphabet.


Literacy Groups
In its original form, written Hanacaraka Java script hangs (below the line), such as the Hindi script. However, modern teaching now write it on the line.

Hanacaraka Java script has 20 basic letters, 20 letters the couple that serves close vowels, 8 letter "main" (script murda, there is no pair), 8 pairs main characters, five characters Voice (front vowels), five associates and script five partners, some sandhangan as a regulator of vocals, a few special letters, some punctuation, grammar and writing some regulatory signs (on).


Base letters (characters nglegena)
In Javanese script raw hanacaraka there are 20 basic letters (characters nglegena), which is usually sorted into a "short story":

Letter pairs (pairs Script)
The couple used to suppress the vowel consonant in front of him. For example, to write manganese sega (eat rice) will be required the couple to "se" to "n" in the manganese is muted. Without a partner "s" writing will be read manganasega (eat rice).

Procedure for writing Java Hanacaraka knows no spaces, so that couples can clarify the use of the word clusters.

Here is a list of pairs:

 

The main letter (alphabet murda)

In script form murda hanacaraka have (almost equivalent to the capital letters) are often used to write words that indicate the name of the title, names, geographic names, names of government agencies, and the name of entities (words in Indonesian language that shows the above is usually preceded by a large or capital letter. that is why the software we use capital letters to write the script murda or partner)

Here is a script as well as couples murda murda:

 

Independent Vowel letters (alphabet Voice)

 

Vowel letters are not Independent (sandhangan)

 

Signs of Reading (pratandha)

 

 

  

     

Reog (Ponorogo)

Reog is one of the cultural arts that originated from East Java, the northwest and Ponorogo considered Reog actual hometown. Ponorogo city gate was decorated by the figure warok and gemblak, two figures who participated appear at reog demonstrated. Reog is one of the local culture in Indonesia is still very thick with things mystical and mysticism are powerful.






History

There are five versions of the popular story that develops in the community about the origins and Warok Reog, but one of the most famous story is the story of the rebellion Ki Ageng Fleas, a man of the kingdom during the Bhre Kertabhumi, the last ruling King of Majapahit in the 15th century . Ki Ageng Lice wrath will the strong influence of the Majapahit king's wife who came from China, while also angry with his king in a corrupt government, he saw that the power of the Majapahit Kingdom will end. He then left the king and founded the university where he taught martial arts to young people, the science of self-immunity, and the science of perfection in the hope that these young children will be the seed of the resurrection of the Majapahit kingdom back. Aware that his forces are too small to fight the royal troops Ki Ageng the political message conveyed through the performing arts Lice Reog, which is a "satire" to the King Kertabhumi and his kingdom. A show Ki Ageng Reog be a way to build resistance Lice local communities using Reog popularity.
Featured in the show Reog mask lion-shaped head, known as the "Lion barong", king of the jungle, which became a symbol for Kertabhumi, and above it is plugged in peacock feathers to resemble a giant fan that symbolize the strong influence of his Chinese colleagues who manage the over all motion- geriknya. Jatilan, played by a group of dancers gemblak a piggyback ride became a symbol of the kingdom of Majapahit forces in contrast to the comparative strength warok, behind the red clown mask that became the symbol for Ki Ageng lice, alone and carry the weight of the mask Singabarong that reach more of 50 kg using only his teeth. Ki Ageng Fleas Reog popularity eventually led to Bhre Kertabhumi perguruannya take action and strike, rebellion by warok quickly overcome, and forbidden to continue teaching college will warok. However, students still continue Ki Ageng ticks quietly. However, the arts Reognya still allowed to be staged because the show has become popular among the public, but the story has a new groove in which the added characters from folklore that is Kelono Sewandono Ponorogo, Goddess Songgolangit, and Sri Genthayu.
The official version of the story line Reog Ponorogo now is the story of King Ponorogo who intend applying for princess of Kediri, Dewi Ragil Yellow, but in the middle of the journey he was intercepted by King Singabarong of Kediri. King Singabarong troops consisting of peacocks and lions, while the part of the Kingdom of Ponorogo King and his Deputy Bujang Kelono Anom, escorted by warok (men dressed in black in the dance), and warok has a deadly black magic. The whole dance is a dance battle between the Kingdom and the Kingdom of Kediri Ponorogo, and pitted black magic between them, the dancers in a state of "trance" while staging the dance.
Until now people Ponorogo just follow what their heritage as a very rich cultural heritage. In his experience art is copyright Reog human creations that form the cult of existing hereditary and awake. The ceremony was using terms that are not easy for lay people to fill the absence of a clear lineage. Parental lineage they embrace and customary law are still valid.




The characters in Reog
1. Jathil


Jathil are horsemen and is one of the characters in the art Reog. Jathilan dexterity is a dance depicting horsemen who were practicing on a horse. This dance is performed by dancers in which the dancers are to each other in pairs with each other. Dexterity and skill in battle on horseback or lost interest shown by the expression of the dancer.

Jathilan was originally danced by men smooth, flawless-looking or similar to a beautiful woman. Dance movement was more likely to feminine. Since the 1980's when the art team Reog Ponorogo about to be sent to Jakarta for the opening of PRJ (Pekan Raya Jakarta), dancer jathilan replaced by the dancers girls with more feminine reason. The characteristics of the impression of movement on the art of dance Jathilan Reog Ponorogo more prone to subtle, lively, flirtatious. This is supported by a rhythmic dance movement pattern that alternated between rhythmwork properly (naive) and rhythm ngracik.


2. Warok


"Warok" which comes from the word wewarah is a person who has a holy determination, providing guidance and unconditional protection. Warok is wong kang wewarah wealthy (wealthy people will wewarah). That is, one becomes warok being able to give guidance or instruction to others about living baik.Warok wong iku kang wus full saka sakabehing behavior, lan wus menep ing sense (Warok is a person who is perfect in his behavior, and to the deposition of the inner ).

Warok is a character / traits and community spirit Ponorogo been ingrained since the first handed down by ancestors to future generations. Warok is part of the visual arts an integral Reog with other visual aids in the arts unit Reog Ponorogo. Warok is a truly mastered the science of good birth and mental.


3. Barongan (sudden peacock)


Barongan (sudden peacock) is a dance of equipment of the most dominant in the arts Reog Ponorogo. Sections include: Head of the Tiger (caplokan), made ​​of wooden frame, bamboo, rattan covered with tiger skins Gembong. Sudden peacock, frame made ​​of bamboo and rattan as a place to arrange peacock feathers to depict a peacock is developing a bit string of beads and feathers - beads (prayer beads). Krakap made ​​of black velvet cloth embroidered with the bead, the accessories and a place to write Reyog group identity. sudden peacock is a length of about 2.25 meters, a width of approximately 2.30 meters, and weighs almost 50 pounds.



4. Klono Sewandono


Klono Sewandono or Kelono King was a powerful king who has a heritage mainstay mandraguna Cemeti a very potent form called Kyai whip Samandiman go wherever the King was young, handsome and always carry these treasures. Heritage is used to protect himself. King's bravery depicted in a lively dance movement as well as authoritative, in a tale of King Klono Sewandono managed to create beautiful artistic results of its copyright power to comply with requests Princess (his girlfriend). Because the king in a drunken affair then tarinyapun movement sometimes describe someone who is in love.



5. Bujang Ganong (Ganongan)


Bujang Ganong (Ganongan) or Doctor of the duke of Anom is one of the characters who are energetic, hilarious as well as having expertise in the martial arts so that each performance is always in waiting - waiting by the audience, especially children - children. Bujang Ganong describes the figure of a young duke who nimble, strong-willed, clever, witty and powerful.

Kontroversi
Dances are danced a kind of Reog Ponorogo in Malaysia called Dance Barongan. This dance is also using a mask sudden peacock, which is headed tiger mask on which there are peacock feathers. Descriptions and photos of this dance is shown in the official website of the Ministry of Culture Arts and Heritage Malaysia.


The controversy arises because the sudden peacock mask on theofficial site there are the words "Malaysia", and is recognized as the heritage community of Batu Pahat, Johor and Selangor,Malaysia. This sparked protests in Indonesia various parties,including artists Reog Ponorogo origin stating that thecopyright has been registered with the arts Reog number 026 377 dated February 11, 2004, and thus known by the Minister ofJustice and Human Rights Republic of Indonesia. also foundinformation that sudden peacock that looks at the official site ismade ​​by craftsmen Ponorogo.Thousands of artists Reoghad demonstrated in front of the Malaysian Embassy in Jakarta.The Indonesian government said it would further investigate it.


In late November 2007, Malaysian Ambassador to IndonesiaDatuk Zainal Abidin Muhammad Zain said that the Malaysian Government has never claimed Reog Ponorogo as the country'sindigenous culture. Reog called "Barongan" in Malaysia can be found in Johor and Selangor, as carried by the Javanese peoplewho migrated to the country