Angklung is listed as Masterpieces of Oral Heritage and Human Nonbendawi of UNESCO since November 2010.
The origins
No clue since when angklung use, but supposedly primitive forms have been used in Neolithic culture that developed in the archipelago until the beginning of the modern calendar, so Angklung is part of the relics of pre-culture of Hinduism in the archipelago.
Note on emerging angklung refer the Kingdom of Sunda (the 12th century until the 16th century). The origin of the creation of bamboo music, such as angklung based view of Sundanese people who live agrarian with the lifeblood of rice (pare) as a staple food. This gave rise to the myth of trust against Sri Nyai Pohaci as a symbol of life-giving Goddess of Rice (breathe-hurip). Bedouin society, regarded as the remnants of native Sundanese people, applying angklung as part of the ritual began planting rice. Angklung game gubrag in Jasinga, Bogor, is one that is still alive since more than 400 years ago. Rite begins its emergence from rice. Angklung created and played to lure Dewi Sri down to earth people that rice plants thrive.
This type of bamboo used as the instrument is black bamboo (awi wulung) and white bamboo (awi temen). Each tone (barrel) is generated from the sound of tube-shaped bamboo slats (wilahan) each bamboo from small to large sizes.
Known by the Sundanese society since the time of the Sunda kingdom, of which as penggugah spirit in battle. Angklung function as pumping continues to feel the spirit of the people until the colonial period, which is why the Dutch Government had banned the use Angklung, the ban could make angklung popularity declined and only played by children at that time. [Citation needed]
Furthermore, the songs offerings to Dewi Sri, is accompanied by the sound of percussion accompaniment made of bamboo poles which are then born a simple packed structures bamboo musical instrument we know today called angklung. Similarly, at the time of harvest festival and seren taun powered angklung game. Especially in the presentation ceremony Angklung related to rice, it becomes a performance art that are the parade or helaran, even in some places into the convoy Rengkong and Dongdang and Jampana (stretcher food) and so on.
During its development, angklung evolved and spread throughout Java and Borneo and Sumatra. In 1908 recorded a cultural mission from Indonesia to Thailand, among others, characterized the submission Angklung and bamboo music of this game also had spread there.
In fact, since 1966, figures Udjo Ngalagena angklung who developed a technique based on barrel-barrel game pelog, salendro, and madenda-began to teach how to play Angklung many people from various communities.
Types Angklung
1. Angklung Kanekes
Angklung in Kanekes (we often call them the Bedouin) are used primarily because of its connection with the rites of rice, not solely for the entertainment of people. Angklung used or pronounced as they grow rice in the field for dry rice cultivation (field). Angklung beating when growing rice there is only rung-free (dikurulungkeun), especially in Kajeroan (tangtu; Baduy Jero), and there is a certain rhythmic, namely in Kaluaran (Outer Baduy). However, it can still be displayed on the outside but still have the rite paddy rules, for example, may only be played until the ngubaran pare (treat rice), about three months from the time planted rice. After that, during the next six months all the arts should not be played, and can be played again on the next rice planting season. Close angklung implemented with a show called musungkeun Angklung, namely nitipkeun (leave, keep) angklung after use.
In serving the entertainment, Angklung usually held during a full moon and no rain. They play in the game angklung (page widespread in rural areas) while singing various songs, among others: Javan Kasarung, Yandu Aunt, Yandu Sala, Ceuk Arileu, Oray-orayan, Dengdang, Yari Gandang, Oyong-squash Bangkong Agency, Kula, Kokoloyoran, Ayun-swing, Pileuleuyan, Gandrung Manggu, Rojak Gadung, Mulung Muncang, giler, Ngaranggeong, Aceukna, Marengo, Salak Sadapur, Rangda Ngendong, Celementre, Keupat Reundang, Papacangan, and Culadi Dengdang. The drummers angklung eight men and three drummers drum small size makes the standing position while walking in a circle formation. Meanwhile, the other one ngalage (dance) with a specific movement that has been raw but simple. Everything is done only by men. This differs from the public Daduy In, they are limited by the customary rules pamali (abstinence; taboo), should not be doing things the excessive pleasures. Art solely for ritual purposes.
The names of Angklung in Kanekes of the biggest is: ovarian, ringkung, Dongdong, gossip, engklok, ovarian leutik, torolok, and Roel. Roel consisting of two pieces held by a angklung. The names of the drum from which the longest is: drum, talingtit, and tap. The use of drum instruments there is a difference, namely in the villages they wear Kaluaran drum as much as 3 pieces. In Kajeroan; Cikeusik village, just use the drum and talingtit, without tap. In Kajeroan, Cibeo village, just use the drum, without talingtit and tap.
In Kanekes who is the person entitled to make Angklung Kajeroan (tangtu; Baduy Jero). Kajeroan consists of three villages, namely Cibeo, Cikartawana, and Cikeusik. In all three villages is not everyone can make it, only the right to have offspring and who worked on it in addition to the terms of the ritual. Angklung makers in Cikeusik was the famous Father Amir (59), and in Cikartawana father Tarnah. People buy from people Kajeroan Kaluaran in these three villages.
2. Angklung Dogdog Lojor
Arts dogdog lojor there in the community Kasepuhan pancer Pangawinan or customary union Banten Kidul scattered around the Mist Mountain (bordering Jakarta, Bogor and Lebak). Although this art is called dogdog lojor, the name of one of the instruments in it, but there also used angklung for rituals related to rice. Once a year, after harvesting the entire community events, or Seren Taun Taun Serah in center of village customs. Traditional village center as a place of residence kokolot (elders) the place is always moving as directed supernatural.
The tradition of respect for rice in this community is still carried out because they include people who still adhere to old customs. By tradition they claim to be descendants of the officers and soldiers in the palace Pajajaran baresan Pangawinan (soldier armed with a lance). Kasepuhan community has embraced Islam and somewhat open to the influence of modernization, as well as matters of entertainment pleasures can be enjoyed. This attitude also affect the function of art in terms that since around the 1970s, dogdog lojor has been progressing, which is used to enliven the circumcision of children, marriage, and other festive events. Instruments used in the art dogdog lojor dogdog lojor is 2 pieces of fruit and 4 large angklung. These four fruit Angklung has a name, the largest called the bark, then panembal, kingking, and inclok. Each instrument is played by one, so that altogether six people.
Songs include dogdog lojor Bale Agung, Side Hideung, shaky-shaky Papanganten, The stumps Kawung, Adulilang, and Adu-complaint. These songs form a rhythmic vocal angklung dogdog and tend to stay.
3. Angklung Gubrag
Angklung gubrag Cipining there in the village, Cigudeg subdistrict, Bogor. Angklung this age-old and used to honor the goddess of rice in the activities imple pare (rice), ngunjal pare (transporting rice), and ngadiukeun (put) into leuit (barn).
In the myth angklung gubrag started there was a time when the village had a bad season Cipining.
4. Angklung Badeng
Badeng is a type of art that emphasize the musical aspect with angklung as the main instrument. Sanding Badeng contained in the Village, District Malangbong, Garut. It used to serve as entertainment for the sake of Islam. But the alleged Badeng has been used since the old society from the pre-Islamic for events related to rice planting rituals. As an art to preaching Badeng trusted evolved since Islam spread in the area around the 16th century or 17. At that time the population Sanding, Arpaen and Nursaen, studying the religion of Islam into the kingdom of Demak. After returning from their Demak preaching to spread the religion of Islam. One means of spreading Islam uses is the art Badeng.
Angklung used as many as nine, which is 2 angklung Roel, a angklung intelligence, 4 Angklung Angklung ovaries and father, two children angklung; 2 dogdog fruit, 2 fruit fly or gembyung, as well as a kecrek. The text uses the Sundanese language mixed with Arabic. In development now used also the Indonesian language. Contains the text contents of Islamic values and good advice, as well as according to the purposes of the event. In addition to presenting performances of songs, also presented attractions supernatural powers, such as slicing the body with a sharp weapon.
Songs Badeng: Lailahaileloh, Ya'ti, Kasreng, Yautike, Lilimbungan, Solaloh.
5. Buncis
Beans is a performance art that is entertainment, among which there are at Baros (Arjasari, Bandung). At first the beans used in the events associated with rice farming. But at present used as art entertainment beans. This is related to the changing view of society that began less heed to things smell the old beliefs. In the 1940s can be regarded as the end of the ritual function in respect of rice green beans, because beans have since turned into live entertainment. In line with that of rice storage places too (leuit; barn) began to disappear from people's homes, places replaced with a more practical bag, and easy to carry everywhere. Rice also now many are sold immediately, not stored in the barn. Thus the art of beans that had been used for events ngunjal (carrying rice) is not needed anymore.
The name of art relating to a text string beans famous song among the people, namely cis nyengcle beans ... and so on. The text included in arts beans, so the art is called beans.
The instruments used in the arts is 2 angklung ovarian beans, 2 angklung ambrug, angklung panempas, 2 angklung pancer 1 angklung enclok. Then 3 pieces dogdog, consisting of a talingtit, panembal, and badublag. In its development, then added with tarompet, kecrek, and goong. Angklung beans barreled salendro with song vocals could barreled madenda or gamelan. Songs beans among them: Badud, Beans, Renggong, Senggot, Jalantir, Jangjalik, Ela-ela, Mega Beureum. Now the songs have used beans as well songs from the gamelan, with the singer who was the male player angklung, now by a special lady to sing.
Of the several types of bamboo musical in West Java (Angklung) above, are some examples of performance art Angklung, which consists of: Angklung Beans (Priangan / Bandung), Angklung Badud (Priangan East / Ciamis), Angklung Bungko (Indramayu), Angklung Gubrag (Bogor), Angklung Ciusul (Bantam), Angklung Dog dog lojor (Sukabumi), Angklung Badeng (Malangbong, Garut), and Angklung Angklung Padaeng is identical to the National with diatonic scales, developed since 1938. Angklung Indonesia characteristic is derived from the Sundanese angklung development. Angklung Sundanese who pitched five (salendro or pelog) by Daeng Sutigna aka The Etjle (1908-1984) changed his tone became Western scales (solmisasi) so that it can play a variety of other songs. Investment results and then taught to school students and played a big orchestra.
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